Lightweights or
heavyweights, which is better for optimum muscle gain?
If you are aiming for muscle growth, you may want to
incorporate weights in your training. But what will be the best lifting
equipment for you?
Many conventional thinkers believe that big is better than
small. This definitely applies to lift training, there are many who see high
repetitions of light weights as muscle endurance training but only having
minimal contribution to gaining muscle mass. Obviously, the opposite, which is the
low to moderate reps of heavier weights, has been the traditional workout
technique that is widely known for muscle gain.
There are even goal charts created wherein the time under
tension and the load that you have to lift is listed and will depend on the
goal that you are aiming for. The more complex the goal, the lesser the time
and the heavier the load.
Such chart and conventional beliefs regarding muscle growth
imply that heavy loads are better if you want to increase hypertrophy and
strength. While lighter leads will lead to endurance but not hypertrophy.
Little did you know that there are studies already conducted
to determine which approach is the best for muscle growth.
Research # 1,
Debunking conventions but not enough
Stuart Philips and his colleagues released numerous findings
regarding the effects of light and heavy weights to muscle gain. In the year
2012, they subjected 18 male participants to leg training on the leg extension
machine. The subjects performed the training three times a week continuously
until the 10th week.
They were grouped into 3 and had different ranges of a routine
program. One group had to do 3 sets at 30% of their 1RM for 30-40 repetitions,
another group did 1 set at 80% of their 1RM for 10-12 repetitions, and the last
group finished 3 sets at 80% of their 1RM for 10-12 repetitions.
The results showed that muscle growth in the participants’
quadriceps was almost the same in groups 1 to 3. This means that both the light
and heavyweight teams increased equivalent muscle mass when the volume was
considered.
Though quite an eye-opener to some, many still criticized
the study since the participants are untrained trainers whose tendency for
muscle gain is high when subjected to any training.
Research # 2,
Breaking Barriers
To address the criticisms received, Philips and his team
conducted another study. In 2016, they subjected 49 men to the same grouping
and protocol. The difference from the first program is that the men in the 2016
study have an average of 4 years of lifting experience and they completed a
whole-body resistance training program.
The results, once again, exhibited that the load of the
weights did not directly impact hypertrophy. In other words, both light weights
and heavy weights resulted in the same escalation of muscle growth.
Various studies, as well as meta-analyses, has been
performed regarding the effects of these weights.
Ultimately, they all arrived
at the same conclusion, that is, lightweights and heavyweights can provide
the equal amounts of muscle growth when the volume is paralleled and sets are
taken close to failure.
Which is better?
From the numerous researches made, it is now clear that
light weights can be as beneficial as heavy weights in terms of muscle gain.
Though it is important to note that 8 meta-analyses showed
that heavyweight training can lead to better results when strength gain is
considered.
Moreover, the researches involved the use of pushing to near
failure irrespective of the weights being used. Increased metabolic stress is
causing a way more uncomfortable training to failure in doing higher rep range
than heavy weights with lower reps. Some of the participants in the studies
conducted even threw up after doing the high rep sets.
It is then essential
for training newbies to know the two main mechanisms of muscle growth,
mechanical tension, and metabolic stress. More mechanical tension is induced
when you lift heavy weights while more metabolic stress can be caused by
lifting light weights in high repetitions.
To maximize muscle growth, both mechanisms should be
targeted and included in your training program.